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The African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem (also known as The Black Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem, Black Hebrew Israelites, or simply Black Hebrews or Black Israelites) is a small spiritual group whose members believe they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. With a population of over 5,000, most members live in their own community in Dimona, Israel. Their immigrant ancestors were African Americans, many from Chicago, Illinois, who migrated to Israel in the late 1960s. Some of them consider themselves to be Jewish, but Judaism does not consider them to be Jewish. The 'Glass Report' of the American Jewish Committee, 1980, decided that "The 'Black Hebrews' are not Jews by any criterion, however liberal." In 2003, the existing community was granted official Israeli residency. Since 2004 members of community (both men and women) have served as soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces, and since 2009 members of the community have begun to be granted Israeli citizenship. == Origins == The group was founded in Chicago by a former steel worker named Ben Carter (1939-2014). In his early twenties Carter was given the name Ben Ammi by Rabbi Reuben of the Chicago Congregation of Ethiopian Hebrews. Ben Ammi claims that in 1966 he had a "vision," in which the Archangel Gabriel called him to take his people, African Americans, back to the Holy Land of Israel. Ammi and his followers draw on a long tradition in black American culture which holds that black Americans are the descendants of the Ancient Israelites (Ammi cites Charles Harrison Mason of Mississippi, William Saunders Crowdy of Virginia, Bishop William Boome of Tennessee, Charles Price Jones of Mississippi, and Elder Saint Samuel of Tennessee as early exponents of black descent from Israelites). They are influenced by the teachings of the Jamaican proponent of Black nationalism, Marcus Garvey (1887–1940), and by the black civil rights milieu in 1960s America, including figures such as the Black Panthers, Martin Luther King, and Malcolm X. From these they have incorporated elements of black separatism as well as the doctrine of repatriation of the African Diaspora to its ancestral lands in a "return to Africa", of which they consider Israel to be a part. To them, Israel is located in Northeast Africa instead of West Asia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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